Shock-absorber.



G. C. MURRAY. *f*

SHOCK ABSORBBR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4. 1908.

927,81 O. Patented July 13, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. C. MURRAY.

SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNB4, 1;08. l 927,810. Patented July 13, 1909 6SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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G. C. MURRAY. sHocx ABsoBBBR.

APPLIOATION funn JUNE 4, 190e. 927,810.' Patented July 13,1906

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SHOCK ABSORBER. l APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4, 1908.

9278 1 0 Patented July "13', 1909i G SHEETS--SHBET 5.

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G. C. MURRAY.

SHOCK ABSORBER. APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 4, 190e.

Patelltd July 13, 1909.

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' jv To all whom it may con-cem:

. y UNITED srArEs PATENT OEEIOE.

a GEORGE o. MURRAY, or NEW YOEK, N. Y.

'SHOCK-ABSORBER'.

Patented July 131, 1909.

Application led June f1, 1908. Serial Nal-136,545.

v Be it known that I, GEORGE C. MURRAY, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful lm rovements in Shock-.Absorbers, 4of which t e following is a specification.

The object of my invention is toprovide an improved shock absorber, moreparticularly adapted for use as a draft rigging for railway cars, butalso applicable to other mechanisms in which the gradual absorptionofshocks is necessary or desirable. A

Stated generally, one of thepurposes of my invention is to apply theforce of the blow or shock to the spring or otheryielding element withprogressively decreasing advantage, and to provide mechanisms of such.

form that the rate of decrease may be varied at'will by altering the'conformationof certain of the elements em loyed. At the initiation ofthe blow or slhock almostthe entire force, or a large component thereof,may be transmitted to the spring or other yielding element, and as theforce continues to act the component thereof acting to compress thespring or yielding resistance element may be decreased at any ratedesired according tothe conformation of the surfaces of certain coactingarts, while the remainder of said' force wi l cause com )ression andfriction between the elements of the mechanism and be thus absorbed.

My invention, in one aspect, may be considered as involving the use ofwedges or inclined planes of varying inclination, with an interveningpressure transmitting member, which preferably takes the form of aroller, though in some cases a pressure transmitting member of otherform vmay be employed.

. While the variably inclined wedges referred y plane surfaces.

to are preferably formed with surfaces having a continuous curvature, myinvention may 1n some instances be applied by the use of wedges having aseries of angularly disposed In any event, the mechanlsm progressivelydecreases the component of the applied force acting upon the spring orother yielding member, and increases the component absorbed incompression and friction, the ultimate effect being equivalent to anincrease n the resistance acting in opposition to that force'. Otherwisestated, the ratio of compression. of the Vyielding resistance element tothe distance through verse section on the line 3- -3 ofFig. 1. i

4 1s asectional elevation on-tlie--line 1 -4 ofv which the appliedforceacts progressively lincreases during the action of the force, fi.' e.,

the resistance 1st-accelerated.

The obj'ects'and nature of my invention Will more clearly appear fromlthe following descrption Aand accompanying drawings in wnc Figure 1 isa sectional plan view of a draft ing the same in normal position. Fig. 2is a vlew sun'ilar to F1g. 1 ,the device being shown 1n compressed.pos1t1on. Fig 3 1s a trans- Fig.

Fig-.1. Fig'. 5 is a perspective view of a casing member forming part ofthe structure shown in Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 6 is a pers ective .riggingembodying the invention and show- 65 view of one of the thrust membersorming art of the structure shownin Figs. 1 t o.4. ig. 6u is aperspective View of another of the thrust members forming part of thestructure shown in Figs. 1 to 4. tional elevation of a modifiedform ofdraft rigging embodying my invention. Figs. 8,

9, 10, 11 and 12 are sectional plan views of other modified forms ofdraft rigging embodying my invention. Fi 13 is a sectional elevationof-a further modi ed form of draft rigging embodying my invention. Fig.14 is a sectional plan view of still another form of draft rigging inwhich my invention may be applied. Fig. 15 is a detailed diagrammaticview showing the contour of the working faces of thrust members and anintel'- posed roller member. Fig. 16 is a dia vrammatic viei f showingthrustmembers wlth an inter'osed pressure roller, all having corrugate(or toothed working surfaces. `Fig. 17 isla diagrammatic view showing onethrust member having a continuously curved working face, apressure-transmittmg roller and a second thrust member havinga planesurface. Fig. 1S is a diagrammatic view showing one thrust memberprovided with a plane working surface and the other with a y workingsurface composed of plane surfaces disposed at an angle eac-h to theother. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic view showing thrust members each withworkin surfaces made up of plane surfaces angular y related. Fig. 20 isa diagrammatic view showing one of the thrust members with acontinuously curved working surface and the other havlng a workingsurface made up of an ularly disposedV plane surfaces. Figs. 21 an 22are diagramL matic vlews showing the operation of a rolle;l

.5' secured to the draft sills by means of rivets. In order to supportthe parts of the draft rigmeans of bolts 67, 68 which The cou and a pairof thrust members-having curved faces.

Referring now to the form of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6ainclusive, the draft sills 1 -may be of any preferred form. Secured tothe draft sills are front stops 3, 4 and bac-k stops', 5a and innerfront and back Stops 11, 12., 13, and 14. In the present instance 1 haveshown the inner stops formed at the ends of members 15 and 16 which areychannel iron draft sills 1, 2 engage the and are held in `position byass through aperturesfin said plates, in the anges of the draftsills inthe support 70. Ordinarily two of the su portsI 70 willbefoundsuflicient.

ler draw-bar 17 is secured to the e 1 8, the latter resting in recesses60 port 70, and surgrooves 61., 62,

usual yo in the upper sidesof thel su vrounding' the draft gear .eements described below. Between the draft sills is a casing 6 rovided atits ends with vertical shoulders 7, 8, 9 and 10, vthe inner faces ofwhich constitute stops coacting with v the draft sills stopsll, 12, 13and14. The casing is open at the ends and preferably also at the top andbottom. 4

Coacting directly with the ends of the oke 18 vare outer followers orthrust memers 19 and 2,0. Upon their innerfaces the thrust members 19and 20 are provided with inclined surfaces 22, 23, which in the present1 instance are formed upon projections 21, 21 a 25, 25a, upon the innerfaces of said `members. Coacting with the outer thrust members 19 and 20are the intermediate thrust members 44, 49, of the form illustrated inFig. 6. These intermediate thrust members 'are provided at their endswith inclined surfaces coacting with the inclines 22, 23, uponthe out-erthrust members 1n such manner that whenithe outer thrust members vareforced toward each other in the line of draft the intermediate thrustmembers 44, 49, move inwardly transversely to the liney of draft. Theoutward movement of the outer thrust members 19, 20, is .limited by thefront and back stops 3, 4, 5 and 5a upon the draft sills. The casing 6is free to move between the inner stops 11, 12, 13 and 14 and thelouterthrust members 19 and 20. The

outer thrust members 19, 20 are free 'to move inwardly until they havecontacted with the shoulders 7, 8, 9 and 10 upon the casing 6 and forcedthe inner faces of these shoulders `into contact `with the ystops 11,12, 13 and 14.

The inner thrust members 27 and 28 are separated normally to the limitof their movement by the draft spring 26. The forml ofthe inner. thrustmembers, or followers is clearly shown in Fig. 6a. Guide tures 52 and 53in the intermediate thrust members 44, 49. The thrust members 44 and 49takevthe form of a box having one open side, and the apertures 52, '53,in the faces thereof are of such form and dimensions as to permit arelative movement be-4 tween the inner thrust members 27, 28, and theintermediate thrust members, both in the line of draft and transverselythereto. Guide lugs 54, 55, upon the upper and lowersurfaces of Ttheinner thrust members 27, 28 `engage guide grooves 56, 57 formed'inA theinner side of the top and vbottom walls of the casing 6.y The interiorof each end wall of the intermediate thrust members '44,4 l49, takes theformof a surface presenting a different 'inclination at different pointsto the line of draft, these surfaces in the present instance having acontinuously curved contour. uUpon their outer faces, the inner thrustmembers 27, 28, are also formed with similar surfaces, the complementaryand' coacting surfaces being concaved and converging toward each othertoward their ends.

are designatedon the drawings by the numerals 29, 30, 31, 32, and thoseupon'the intermediate thrust members, which are designated 33, 37, 40,41, through pressure rollers 36, 39, 42 and 43.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that pressure upon either of theouter thrust members 19, 20, due to a buifing or draft the other, eitherthe front or back follower' tion of the shock. The inward movement ofeither' of the outer followers or thrust members will through theeoaction of the inclined faces 22, 23, with the outer inclines at theends of the intermediate thrust members 44, 49, cause the latter tolmovein- Wardly the ratio of the extent of movement of the intermediatethrust members to that of the the degree of inclination of the coactingsurfaces between these members. The 1u- Wardmov'ement of theintermediate thrust 36, 39, 42 and 43. The ends of these rollers lugs50, 51, extendv horizontally from the thrust members '28 and 27,engaging aperkso Pressure is transmitted between the surfaces of theinner thrust members which' shock will force one of the followerstoward' remaining stationary according to the directransversely Aof theline of draft, l l

outer thrust members being dependent upon members will be communicatedvto .the inner K thrust members 27, 28, through the rollersyha.apparentthat at thev beginning of the lposition illustrated in Fig.21 the rollers con- .acting to compressgthe spring 26, results from thefact that the coacting faces of the interi'the intermediate thrustmembers is applied may be received in suitably formed guide 'slots'.47,48, upon the inner faces of the side Walls-.45, 446, of the intermediatethrust members.

Upon reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 22 it will movement of theintermediate thrust mem-4 bers from their outer position a comparativelysmall componentof` their movement will be communicated tothe innerthrust members 27, 28, she latter having 'movement only inthe line ofdraft. This is duc to the 'fact that in their normal positions thecoact.. ing arts 'of the thrust faces upon the intermediate andivinner.thrust vmembers vare in planes inclined but slightly, to thetransverse. axisof the draft rigging, thus permitting the roliers torollinward ,Without transmitting a large amountY of longitudinal -movementto the 'v inner thrust members. Owing to the. curved form of thecoacting thrust faces upon the intermediate and inner thrustmembers theiinclination of the parts'of. these faces which contact with the rollersincreases as the rollers move inward, until in the extreme tac-tWith-parts of the thrust surfaces'wliich are substantially normal tovthe transverse a'xisjof, the' draft rigging. `This latter position isthe dead position of the rigging, and re resents the relative positionof these parts w en the movement of the outer follower or thrust memberis arrested. `For instance, as shown in Fig. 2 the thrust member 19, isin contact with. the slioirlders-7 and' 8, of the casing 6 and'` hasforced said shoulders against stops 11 and 13 upon the draft sills, Thegradual-acceleration of the resistance, or decrease in the component ofthe applied force mediate and inner thrust members present differentangles to4 each other at different points, and therefore .the forcetransmitted to to the inner thrust membersw'ith different degrees` ofefficiency during the compression of the .draft rigging.

The rollers inte osed between the thrust faces render it posiile tolvary the angularity of the thrust facesto ractically any extent desired,and to use sur aces of any desired de- .gree of inclination to the lineof draft without danger of. causing the coacting members to bind.,

Of course, it Will'beap arent that the general type ofv apparatusust-rated in Figs. 1'` to. 6a may be made `Without adhering to all thedetails of construction illustrated and above described, and that anyarrangement of parts having coacting thrust members, one movable'at anangle to the line of draft and having thrust surfaces of varyingangular-.ity with an intervening pressure transmitting member may beused inthe practice of4 my invention. It is not necessary in all casesthat the mechanism be duplicated at each end ofthe draft rigging, orthat plane friction surfaces be employed in addition to the coactingsurfaces of varying angularity. When plane eoacting thrust surfaces areused y s'uch in ad ition to thrust surfaces of varying angularity withan intervening pressuretransmitting member, the latter surfaces may beso disposed as to secure the desired results in the o eration of thedraft' rigging Without intro( ucing directly coacting friction membersof such angular-ity as to cause them to bind or stick.

Upon the expansion of the draft riggin after the cessation of a draft orbufiing shoc the force is applied to the mechanism in thereverse'd'irection, due to the pressure of they spring 26 against theinner faces ofthe inner thrust members 27,4 28., As the force of thespring acts at right angles the force exerted t iro'ugli the.intermediate thrust members 44, 49, the shock due to the expansion ofthe spring will be absorbed in a 'manner similar to that above ex lainedin connection 4with the absorption o bufling and draft strains.Referring to Figs. 2 and 21, it will be apparent that at the initiationof the return moveof its movement will be transmitted to theintermediate thrust member, but that as the outward movement of theinner thrust member continues an increasing component of its movement istransmitted to the intermediate thrust member. By reason of this actionthe larger part of the recoil force ofthe spring is absorbed in thedraft rigging without )roducing any great amount of movement o theparts, the-greater part of the return movement of the parts beingeffected after the force of the spring is largely exhausted. In this Waythe return 0T the parts to normal position is accomplished withoutshock.

I will now proceed to a descri tion of several modified structures inWhic i the principles of my invention may be applied.

ics

Fig. 7 is an elevation of a draft rigging in Which mechanism foraccelerating the resistance is provided at one end only of the draftrigging. The part 17 is the usualdraw-bar to which is connected a yoke18 embracing the draft rigging. Stops 79, S0 and 81 are pro- .vided uponthe draft sills for limitin` the shown in the forni of :i continuouslycurved surface. The box or casing 74 is open at l both ends and a thrustmember 8 forms art thereof, this thrust member being provided with aninclined plane thrust surface coacting With a similar inclined planesurface upon the forward .side of the thrust member 71. The rear springfollower 7 2 is formed with a curved thrust surface which eoacts" withthe curved thrustsurface upon the memberI 71 through a pressure roller75. Teb 76, extending from the projection upon which the curved thrustvsurface of the follower 72 is formed, supports the roller 7 5 inoperative position when the parts of the draft rigging are not underpressure..- It will be apparent that upon a draft strain the rearfollowerl 77 will be drawnoutwardly thus cariving with it the thrustmember 71, which in turn will be moved transversely of the draft riggingthrough the Wedging engagement of the inclined surfaces thereon and onthe mc'mber 73. A certain component of the transverse movement of themember 71 will be commul nicated to the inner follower 72 through theroller 75, this com orient being quite small at ,first but gradual yincreasing as the roller reaches parts of the curved surfaces which havegreater inclination to the transverse axis Vof the draft rigging. Bymeans of this operation the resistance offered to the pull oftlieiilraw-bar will be gradually accelerated in a manner similar to thatexplained in connecH tion with the form illustrated-in vFig. 1, and thereturn of the parts to normal position will likewise take place undersimilar conditions to those explained in connection with Fig. 1. Theoperation of the parts under a bufiing strainwill be similar to'thatabove explained, the inward movement of the follower=78 carrying with itthe box 7 4 with its thrust member 78 and communicating a transversemovement to the thrust member 71.

In Fig. 8, I have shown a sectional plan view of another embodiment ofmy invention in whichV casing 82, open at its front end and also at itstop and bottom back of the follower 83,'cont ains a draft spring 26. Thethrust member 84 is secured to or cast integral with the casing 82l andforms a bridge across the same. rl`he intermediate t-hrust members S8,89, are formed separately and providedwith inclined plane faces eoactingwith similar faces upon the member 84, and with outer curved thrustfaces which coact through rollers 90, 91, with similarly curved facesupon thrust members which are formed integrally with the outer follower85. The thrust members of outer follower. may be cored out as indicatedyat S6 .and 87 vto lighten the structure, and similar core openings maybe formed in the intermediate thrust mem-v bers 88, 89. The usual stopsare provided, as indicatedfupon the draft sills. In this form of myinvention, as'in the others illustrated., the converging toward theirends of the thrust surfaces between which the pressure rollers arelocated serves an important function in preventing the rollers frommoving idly and getting out of place when the pressure upon them isrelaxed. Upon the application of .ad'bufiingj'strain to the mech" "a"'anism shown iny Fig. S, the inward movements of the thrust members uponthe fol lower 85 will be transmitted to the intermesT diate thrustmembers S8,v 89, through the rollers 90, 91, this causing suchintermediate thrust members to' move inwardly fromv the end of the@arend outwardly'froni the longitudinal axis of the draft rigging in diagon al lines, this 'setting up a fric-tional resistance between y.thesurfaces of the vthrust membersV S8, S0, and the surfaces of the thrustmember 81 and the followervSB'. This movement will result in carryingthe follower 83 inwardly and compressing the spring'. The component ofthe'force communicated from the thrust members upon the follower 85 tothe thrust members 8S, 89, Will pron gressively diminish, thusaccelerating the re`V sistance to the compression of the draft rigging.

The front end of the casing 82 acts as a stop to limit the movement ofthe follower 85 and the parts are so arranged that the follower willcontact with the front end of the box before tlierspring has beencompressed beyond its limit of elasticity. Upon pulling strain thecasing 82 moves foiivard or .outward carrying with it the attachedthrust member 84 thus communicating the same relative movement to thethrust members 88,- 89v as was above explained in connection with theaction of a buffing strain.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 9 the casing 92 is closed exceptratits outerend where it is provided With inclined side faces ioo- 93, 94.Rivetedto theidraft sills are cheek plates 95, 96, and having stops 98,97, 99 and 100. Cast on the casing" 92 are projections 101 and 102 tocoperate with the stops on 105 the cheek plates. The casing also hascast thereon projections 103, 104 which cooperate with the stops 98,100.

front and rear followers. The front follower bears against thrustmembers 107, 108,. i.

which have inclined faces working against the faces 93 and 94. The innerthrust member 109-110 bears against the inner follower 111 and thespring 26 bears' against said in- 105 and 106 are the ner follower andthe endof the casing 92.

The members 107,108 are provided with curved 'inner walls ycooperatingthrough rollers 112 and 113 vwitlrcoacting curved walls upon the innerthrust member 109--110` Under a bi'iffing strainthe inembers 107, 10S,are carried backwardly and in-O wardly thus communicating an inwardmovement to the thrust member 109-110 which results in compressing thespring'l' During the progress of thebuiing s train"the action of theapplied force upon the spring is similar to that above` describedinconnection ,1"

with other modifications of the inventionf In the modificationillustrated 'in' Fig. 10 the casing 11st is closed all around eXce t atits ends, which are open. The side wa s of the Casing M6 provided withstops 115, .116',`

125 yand 126, and the similar surfaces of the thrust members' 123, 124,formed on the member 122. The front or' outer follower 130 is castintegrally'with a wedge member .1 31, the inclined surfaces of whichcoact with similarsurfaces on the members 125 and 126.

Under bufiingstrains themembers 125 and 126,.move outwardly transverselyof the aXis of the draft rigging, thus drawing the meinber 122.towardthe end of the car by force transmitted-to that member through therollers 128- and129. The acceleration of the resistance in this form ofmechanism occurs in the manner previously explained. Under pullingstrains the rear follower 121 moves the casing 114 outward; and theoutward. movement ofthebridge 127 carries the members 125 and 126 whichare thus spread apart by the action of .the Wedge 131 causing anoperation of the mechanism similar'to that occurring under a buflingstrain.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated inFig. 11 the casing'132is open at both ends andalso at. the to and bottom back of the follower133. T e rear end of the casing is closed by the rear .follower 134.

y A bridge-135 entends across and is cast integrally with the casing132, the cheek plates 136 and 137 are each provided with stops suchv as138', 139 and 140 to limit the movement of the casin 132. The frontfollower 141 is cast integrally with the wedge 142, the inclined facesof which coact with the thrust members 143, 144. The thrust' members143, 144 are also provided with inclined faces coacting with similarlyinclined faces upon the bridge y135. The inner thrust members 145, 146,bear against the inner follower 133 and against the inner faces of thewalls of the casing 132. The thrust members- 143, 144, coact with themembers 145 and 146 through curved thrust surfacesoftheformaboveudescribed,'intervening pressure rollers 147, 148 beingrovided to transmit the pressure. Underv uffing strains the thrustmember or wedge" 142 'drives the thrust members 143 and 144 outwardlyfrom the longitudinal axis ofthe draft rigging, thus through the rollersimpartingr backward movement to the thrust members 145and 146 and comressing the spring. In this action the mein ers 145 and 146 are alsodriven against the sidewalls ,of the casing 132, thereby generatingfrictional resistance. A similar action takes place under a pullingstrain, and the action of the force applied and the acceleration of theresistance takes place in the manner set forth 11i connection with theforms above described. A

The form shown in Fig. V12 comprises a casing 149 open at its front',and also'at top and bottom back of the a'p-eitured bridge piece 150.'Yithin the casing is a follower 151 secured to the bolt 1 52 whichpasses through the bridge piece 150. The side thrust members 153 and 154bear against the bridge piece 150 and their front ends areinclined andcoperate with similarly inclined faces formed'on the inner side of thefollowerv 161. Secured to the rod 152'is'a head' 162- having upon eachside a curved thrust surface, which surfaces coperate with similarlyformed thrust surfaces upon the members 153 and v.154. 'Under buffingstrains the thrust members 153 and 154 are driven toward each otherbythe actionof inclined thrust members155 and 160 formed on the follower161, and thisl movement causes the rollers to move backward and towardeach' bodimei'it of my invention also operates vin accordance with theprinciples above explained. 'Y p 4 In Fig. 13 l illustrateaconstru'ction similar to that shown in'h` ig. `7 exceptthat the casingis open'at/both ends land the recess for the roller 7'5=is formedbetween the thrust member 73 upon the c asing and the thrust member 7'1,and the plane .wedging action takes place between the member 71 and themember 72,.- A similar ie-ari'angement of the curved and plane bearingsurfaces 'may be made in the other forms of iny invention hereindescribed.

Fig. 14 illustrates a forni of my invention in which there is no wcdgingaction between ears against thrust members 169-and 170- whose side facesfrictioiially engage the walls of the casing. 'lhe rear follower 171bears against similar thrust members 172 and 173. 174 and 177, arecentrally recessed members movable transversely" of 'thedraft riggingand norinall)T held apart by means of a transverse spring. The'ineinbers 17,4 and 177 are.

formed with projections 175, 176, 178 and 179 which constitute thrustmembers having curved outer thrust faces which coact through pressurerollers 181, 132, 133 and 184 with Ithe inner curved thrust surfaces ofthe inem ice' 'bers 169, 170, 172 and 173. Under a buffing strainthwthrust members 169 and 170 'are moved rearwardly` thusy causing the@members 174 and 177 to move toward each other compressing the draftspring. Un'der apiilling strain a Similar action takes place, due to theforward movement of the thrust members 172 and 17 3'. In thisarirangement l.the thrust members 169, 1170, 172 and 173 have frictionalvengagement with the inner Walls of the casing 165,. The acceleraltionof the resistance. to shocks' on the drawbar takespla'ce in thisembodiment of the invention in themanner hereinbefore eX lained. i

` surfaces as above described, the dprinciple ofn lWhile vI prefer thecurved form o thrust my invention might be enibodie in a structurehaving thrust members -provided with thrust faces made up of a pluralityof relatively inclined lane surfaces, as illustrated in Figs. 19, 18 an20 inwhich figures the-members 192, '194, 195 and 197, are showns hav-.

' ing such aform; or one of the thrust surfaces les might be curved andthe'other a plane surface as shown in Fig. 17; or one surface might beplaneandfthe other made u of a plurality of lane-surfaces relativelyinclined as shown in ig. 18; or both thrust members mightf be rovidedwith surfacespmade up of plane suraces relatively inclined o r acontinuously curved surface might be used""-in conjunction,

with a surface made u'p of relatively'inclined planesurfaces. asillustrated inthe members 196 and 197 shownin'Fig. 20;

' In Fig.' 15 the pressure roller 36 is shown in an intermediateposition. In some cases the surface' of the pressure roller may becorrugated or toothed as illustrated in the roller 187 shown in Fig. 16,the thrust members 185 and 186 being provided with correspondingly"toothed or corrugated faces.

While I have described several specific forms of mechanism in which the(principleof my invention may be embodie `I would l have it understoodthat my invention is not i limited to the particular mechanisms hereinillustrated and described, as variousmodifications orI alterations maybe made Without departing froml the principle of my invention as definedinthe appended claims.

What -I claim isfj i 1. In a shock-absorber, a yielding) resistlancemember, a force-applying mem er, op-

posed ,thrust members interposed between saidv force-applying .memberand vresistance member, said thrust members having coacting surfacesvariably inclined at different poii'itsftethe line of action of saidforce-applyling member, a movable pressure-trans-` mitting memberbetween said coacting surfaces, one of said thrust members being free"to move bodily at an angle tothe other, and means for transmittingforce from said force: applying member to said thrust members.

2'.' In a shock-absorber, a yielding resistable at an angle to theother, and means for transmitting force froni'said force-applying memberto said'tlirust members.

3. In a shock-absorber, a yieldingresistance member, a force-applyingmember, opposed thrust members interposed between said force-applyingmember and resistance member, said thrust members having coact-1 ingsurfaces variablyi inclined at different points to the line of .draftupon said 'draw ar, a bodily movable pressure-transmitting memberbetween said surfaces,` and means for transmitting force fromsaidforce-applying member to said thrust members.

1. In a shock-absorber, a yieldin' resistance'member, aforce-applyingmein er, re-

sistance accelerating. means interposed between said resistance membervand said forceapplying member, said resistance laccelerat- .ing meanscomprising opposed thrust members havin@r coacting surfaces res'entingto each other idifferent angles ated' erent points,

a bodily movable pressure transmitting roller between said surfaces,and; meansfor transmitting force from said force-applying mem'- ber tosaid thrust members.

5.` In a device. of;"i"the'felass'y described, 'a

yielding resistance member, aforce-applying l member, thrust'membersvinter osed between said resistance member'and orcsapplying member,"sa1dthrust niembershaving their j,coacting surfaces converging toward eachother towardtlieir ends,one. of said` .thrust members being free to moveat an angle to the other, a pressure transmitting member between saidconverging surfaces, andmeaiis for transmitting force fronrsaidforce-applying member to said thrust members.

6. yIn a shock-absorber, a yielding resistance membeigsa force-applyingmember, re

sistance accelerating means interposed. be-- tween said resistancemember and said forceapplyingmeinber, said resistance acceleratingmeans' comprising opposed thrust meinbers having their coacting surfacesconverging'toward each other toward their ends, a pressure-transmittinglroller between saidM converging surfaces, and nica-iis for transi" mitting force from said force-applying mein'- ber to said thrust members..

7. In a draft gear, a yielding resistance member, a draw-bar, threethrust members interposed between said resistanceineinbeigand draw-bar,said.. thrust members having,` coacting inclined surfaces, the coactiiigsur-I mem er, adraW -bar, three thrust members inner thrust membershaving coacting sur- 'i each ofwhich has inclined surfaces at its ends.member, a coupler, outerthrust members mitted between -the curvedsurfaces upon faces between two of said memberspresenting to each otherdifferent angles at different lpoints, and a pressure-transmittingmember etween'said surfaces.

83111 a draft gear, ail-'yielding resistance interposed between saidresistance member and draw-bar, two-ofv said thrust members havingcoacting inclined .plane surfaces, and one of said two thrust membersand the third thrustmember having coacting-surfaces pre-,sentingzftoeach other different angles at different points, and apressure roller betweenl saidsurfacea 9,T a draft-rigging, a.draw.-bar,a yoke see'red thereto, a yieldingrresistance member., outer, inner andintermediatey thrust member-astrid resistance member and thrust membersbeing embraced by said yoke, said intermediate thrust members havingsurvfaces inclined to the line of draft and coactingkwithsimilarly'inclined surfaces upon said enter thrust members, saidintermediateY and faces presenting to each other different angles atdi'erent points, and apressure transmitting memberbetween said surfaces.

10. Ina draft rigging, a yielding resistance directly coacting with saidcoupler, inner -thrust members directly coacting with said resistancemember, said inner and outer thrust members being movable in the lineof. draft of the coupler upon the application ipower, intermediatethrust members having surfaces inclined to .the line of draft andcoacting with similarly inclined surfaces upon said outer thrustmembers, said intermediate and inner thrust members having coactingsurfaces presenting to each other pressure" transmitting roller betweensaid surfaces. y

, 11. In a draft rigging, a draw-bar, a yoke secured thereto, a yieldingresistance member, outer, inner and intermediate thrust sie '7 saidouter thrustmembers, said intermediate and inner thrust members beingalso providedadjaccnt their ends with curved surfaces, and a pressureroller through which pressure ,is transmitted bctwcenthe curved surfacesupon said intermediate.. and inner'- thrust members.

13. ln a device of the class described, a yielding resistance member, acoupler, euter thrust members directly coacting with said coupler, innerthrust members directly coacting. with said resistance member, saidAinner and outer thrust members being movable in the line of draft ofthe coupler upon application of power, intermediate thrust members, saidintermediate thrust members having inclined surfaces coacting withinclined surfaces upon said inner and outer thrust members, one set ofsaid inclined surfaces being of varying inclination, pressure rollersbetween said last named surfaces, and guide lugs upon said inner thrustmembers coacting with slots in said intermediate thrust members.

14,'In a device of the class described, a yielding resistance' member, acoupler, outer thrust members directly coacting with said coupler, innerthrust members directly coacting fwith said resistance member, saidinner ahd outer thrust members being movable in the line of draft of thecoupler, upon the application of power, intermedlate thrust members,said intermediate thrust members having -'inclined surfaces coactingwiih inclined surfaces upon said inner and outer thrust members, one setof said inclined surfaces being of varyingr inclination, pressurerollers between said last named surfaces, guide lugs upon said innerthrust members coacting with slots in said intermediate thrustmcn'ibers, said intermediate thrust members being provided with guidesfor said rollers. fl

15. In a device of the 'class described, draft sills, inner and outerstops fixed thereto,. a casing movable between said stops,

members, said resistance and thrust inembers being embraced by saidyoke, said intermediate thrust members having inclined ,l surfaces attheir ends, coacting with simii larly inclined surfaces o n said outerthrust l members, saidintermediate and inner thrust members being 4alsoprovided adjacent their ends with curved-surfaces, and a pressurememberthrough which pressure is transsaid intermediate and inner thrustmembers.

v 12. In a draft rigging, a yieldingresistance member, a coupler, a yokesecured to said coupler, outer thrust members coacting directlywith saidyoke, inner thrust members coacting. directly with said yieldingresistance member, intermediate thrust members outer thrust membersmovable between said stops and said casing, said outer thrust-.mem-

bers having inclined surfaces upon their inner faces, intermediatethrust members having inclined end surfaces coacting with the inclinedfaces on said outer thrust members, inner thrust members, a yieldingresistance member between said inner thrust members, said intermediateand inner thrust members having coacting surfaces presenting to eachother different angles at differenti points, guides upon said innerthrust members and coacting guides upon said intermediate thrust members`and said casing.

16. In a deviceA of the class described,

draft sills, inner and outer stops fixed thereto, a casing movablebetween sald stops, outer thrust members movable between sald coactingwith similarly inclined surfaces on stops and said casing, said outerthrust members having inclined surfaces upon their inner faces,intermediatel thrust members having inclined end surfaces coacting withthe inclined faces on said outer thrust mem- 5 bers, inner thrustmembers, a yielding resistanee member between said inner thrust members,said. intermediate and inner thrust members having coacting surfacespresent-- ing to each other diiierent angles at'different 10 oints,pressure rollers between said suraces, guides upon said inner thrustmembers 1 man. s

